Using the history of South Africa and its formation by the barrel of the gun, this theme links and traces the gender based violence to colonial and patriarchal violence that continues to define citizenship in contemporary South Africa. This section of the course, is designed to link race, class and gender on how gender based violence is perpetuated and ‘allowed’ in the post-apartheid South Africa. Through the theme one also engages using hindsight experiences of their personal journey with citizenship and gender in post- apartheid South Africa.